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(1819-1891), was born at Cambridge, graduated at Harvard, and devoted himself to belles-lettres, becoming eventually professor of that department and of modern languages at his university. Aside from his work as editor of the Atlantic and of the North American Review, his essays, "Among My Books," etc., his poems, "Fable for Critics," "Cathedral," "Commemoration Ode," etc., his political activity is to be noted. His "Big-low Papers," 1846-1848, helped powerfully the anti-slavery cause; a second series appeared in the period of the war. Lowell won general esteem as U.S. Minister to Spain 1877-1880, and to England 1880-1885. The volume, "Democracy and Other Essays," contains some of his contributions to political philosophy.